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Proteinuria in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

An image of a cat with a vet for a proteinuria blog.

One condition that has significant health implications is proteinuria in dogs and cats. Because proteinuria can be a sign of an underlying kidney problem or other health issues, understanding and addressing proteinuria is vital.

What Is Proteinuria in Dogs and Cats?

Proteinuria refers to the presence of excess protein in the urine. Normally, the kidneys filter waste while retaining vital proteins in the bloodstream. When protein is present in the urine, it may be a signal that the parts of the kidneys that perform filtration (glomeruli) aren’t functioning properly.

While a small amount of protein in urine is normal, persistent or high levels can indicate chronic kidney disease (CKD), high blood pressure, infections, or other issues. Thus, early detection of proteinuria is important, as it allows for timely intervention and better long-term outcomes.

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Unfortunately, proteinuria itself often doesn’t cause visible symptoms. Thus, routine urine testing is so important, especially in senior pets or those with health conditions. However, some signs may include increased thirst and urination, weight loss and decreased appetite, lethargy, edema (swelling in the limbs), and, in more advanced cases of certain diseases, vomiting.

Some of the most common causes are:

• Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units)
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Systemic infections or inflammation
• Certain medications or toxins

Some causes can be transient and benign, while others will require long-term treatment.

How Is Proteinuria Diagnosed?

A few key tools are used by veterinarians to detect and evaluate proteinuria such as:

• Urinalysis: This is a general urine test that can show the presence of protein.
• Urine protein: creatinine ratio (UPC): This helps quantify how much protein is in the urine relative to creatinine, providing a more accurate picture.
• Blood tests: To evaluate kidney function (e.g., BUN, creatinine, SDMA).
• Blood pressure measurement: Hypertension can be both a cause and a result of kidney disease.
• Imaging such as ultrasound or X-rays: These assess kidney structure or detect infections.

If proteinuria persists, additional diagnostic tests are needed to uncover the underlying cause.

Treatment Options for Proteinuria

The treatment for proteinuria will really depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. It is important to note that managing proteinuria often includes both conventional and supportive therapies.

Some of the conventional treatments are:

• ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers that can help reduce protein loss through the kidneys
• Antibiotics if an infection is present
• Anti-inflammatory medications, in case of immune-mediated conditions
• Blood pressure control, if hypertension is present
• Therapeutic kidney diets that are lower in protein, phosphorus, and sodium

Some of the holistic and integrative care that can be incorporated into the treatment are important. Many pet parents explore natural support options to protect kidney health. Thus, dietary adjustments, hydration strategies, and kidney-friendly herbal supplements can all play a role.

Recommended Products

A great way to support the kidneys is with a holistic lens to kidney care. Holistic kidney care involves more than just managing symptoms; it means supporting the body as a whole to function optimally. Kidney-supportive supplements made with natural ingredients, such as those found in NHV Natural Pet Products, may complement traditional veterinary care by promoting urinary tract health, reducing inflammation, and helping maintain overall organ function.

NHV Tripsy has been studied for its supportive effects on the urinary system, which includes the kidneys. Two peer-reviewed studies, published in the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine and co-authored by Dr. Joe Bartges—an internationally recognized expert in veterinary internal medicine and nutrition—demonstrated the potential benefits of Tripsy in both dogs and cats.

The findings from those studies support the use of natural herbal compounds as part of a broader kidney care plan, especially in early or mild stages of kidney disease in cats and dogs.

In addition to NHV Tripsy, other natural products may offer complementary benefits such as:

• NHV Turmeric, known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, that may help reduce inflammation associated with kidney dysfunction.
• NHV PetOmega 3 supplements may help support kidney function by reducing glomerular inflammation and proteinuria.

Conclusion

Proteinuria in dogs and cats is a complex symptom with several causes. Early action can make a significant difference in pets with kidney, bladder, and other issues related to proteinuria. With proper care, regular veterinarian monitoring, and support including natural options, many dogs and cats can maintain a good quality of life.