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Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD) in Dogs & Cats

Vet Talks 4 min read
A dog being inspected at the veterinarian's office.

Heart health plays a crucial role in the overall well-being of our beloved pets. Among the most common heart conditions affecting dogs and, less frequently, cats is Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD). This progressive disease targets the mitral valve in the heart, leading to significant health challenges. This blog delves into MMVD in dogs and cats, offering a compassionate and detailed exploration of its symptoms, stages, diagnosis, and treatment options, alongside the benefits of NHV supplements for heart health.

What is Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease (MMVD)?

In pets with MMVD, the valve thickens and loses its ability to close properly.

Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease, also known as MMVD, is a degenerative condition that primarily affects the mitral valve in the heart. This valve, located between the left atrium and the left ventricle, plays a critical role in regulating blood flow. In pets with MMVD, the valve thickens and loses its ability to close properly. This results in blood leaking backward (regurgitation) into the left atrium, impairing the heart’s efficiency and increasing its workload.

MMVD is more common in dogs than cats, particularly in small and medium-sized breeds such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, and Toy Poodles. While rare in cats, it can still occur, underscoring the importance of recognizing the disease across species. Without proper management, MMVD can lead to congestive heart failure (CHF), a potentially life-threatening condition.

Symptoms & Causes of MMVD

Symptoms of MMVD

The symptoms of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease can vary depending on its stage but may include:

  • Coughing (often worse at night or after exercise)

  • Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

  • Lethargy or reduced stamina during physical activities

  • Loss of appetite and potential weight loss

  • Fainting or collapsing episodes

  • Swollen abdomen due to fluid accumulation (ascites)

Some pets may show subtle signs in the early stages, so routine veterinary check-ups are essential for early detection.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of MMVD remains unknown, but several factors contribute to its development:

  • Age: Older dogs are at a higher risk.
  • Breed predisposition: Certain breeds are genetically predisposed to MMVD.
  • Gender: Male dogs are slightly more prone to the disease.
  • Obesity and poor diet: These can exacerbate heart issues.

In cats, MMVD is less common, but congenital factors or other underlying health conditions might trigger its onset.

Stages of MMVD

Veterinarians classify MMVD into four stages based on the progression of the disease:

  • Stage A: Pets at risk but without clinical signs or structural changes.
  • Stage B1: Pets with structural changes in the mitral valve but no symptoms.
  • Stage B2: Structural changes are significant, with a heart murmur detected, but symptoms are still absent.
  • Stage C: Symptoms of congestive heart failure appear, requiring medical management.
  • Stage D: Advanced heart failure that may not respond well to treatment.

Understanding these stages helps veterinarians tailor treatments to the individual needs of the pet.

Diagnostic Tests for MMVD

Accurate diagnosis is vital to managing MMVD effectively. Common diagnostic tools include:

  1. Echocardiograms: An ultrasound of the heart, providing a detailed view of the mitral valve and heart function.

  2. Chest X-rays: To assess the size of the heart and detect fluid buildup in the lungs.

  3. Blood Tests: These can reveal biomarkers indicating heart disease and assess kidney and liver function, often impacted by heart issues.

  4. Electrocardiograms (ECG): Useful for detecting abnormal heart rhythms.

Regular monitoring with these tests ensures that the progression of MMVD is tracked, and treatments can be adjusted as needed.

Treatment Options for MMVD

While MMVD cannot be cured, various treatments can slow its progression and improve quality of life.

Medication

Some classes of medications that may be used are diuretics, which reduce fluid buildup in the lungs and abdomen. ACE inhibitors may be used to help relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure, reducing the heart’s workload. Finally, certain heart medications may be used to strengthen the heart muscles and improve its efficiency.

Lifestyle Adjustments

Holistic lifestyle adjustments for pets with MMVD include weight management and dietary changes. Maintaining a healthy weight can significantly reduce the heart’s workload. Dietary changes, including low-sodium diets and heart-supportive foods can benefit pets with MMVD. Consult an expert pet nutritionist and your veterinarian before making diet changes for pets with special needs.

Regular Veterinary Check-Ups

Frequent monitoring and timely adjustments to treatment plans are crucial in managing the disease effectively.

NHV Supplements to Support Heart Health

NHV Natural Pet Products offers several supplements that can support pets with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. These natural, holistic solutions can complement veterinary treatments and enhance overall well-being:

  1. Hearty-Heart: This herbal blend promotes cardiovascular health, supports proper circulation, and helps manage symptoms of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF).

  2. Turmeric: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric may reduce inflammation in the heart and surrounding tissues.

  3. Multi Essentials: A nutritive support for overall health, energy, and immunity in pets.

  4. Petomega 3: Contains healthy fatty acids, which may help improve heart health, reduce inflammation, and support overall wellness.

  5. Resp-Aid: This supplement can help alleviate respiratory symptoms often associated with MMVD, such as coughing and difficulty breathing.


NHV supplements are easy to administer, either directly into your pet’s mouth or mixed with their food.

Conclusion

Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in dogs and cats is a challenging condition, but with early detection, proper management, and holistic support, pets can continue to live fulfilling lives. NHV Natural Pet Products provides safe, effective supplements that can enhance traditional treatments, helping pets with MMVD maintain their health and vitality.

If your pet shows signs of heart issues or has been diagnosed with MMVD, consult your veterinarian and consider incorporating NHV’s natural solutions to support their journey to better heart health.

Dr. Mehdi Esmatparast, DVM, Ph.D.

Dr. Mehdi Esmatparast, DVM, Ph.D.

Dr. Mehdi Esmatparast, a veterinarian from Iran, obtained his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Urmia University in 2008 and later earned his Ph.D. in Theriogenology from the University of Tehran in 2017. With over 15 years of experience in research and veterinary medicine practice, Dr. Mehdi is dedicated to providing exceptional care for pets. He enjoys spending quality time with his family and his two beloved cats, Sushi and Cookie.

Published: December 11, 2024

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